Preliminary Version (as of August 2003)
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on: A Comparative Study of the Andean
Languages
Please note that this is still a fairly preliminary version of the final list we will be collecting data for. Most of the circa 270 meanings here are finalised, but remain to be refined as described below.
An important request to other Andean linguists! If there are any particular meanings, lexemes or morphemes (suffixes), extra data that you would like included in this list so that we collect comparative data for them, please feel free to email me to ask for me to include them (not too many though!)
Refinements to this list to be made to finalise it will include in particular:
• Splitting up certain English meanings for which Andean languages have no single general equivalent, but a set of more specific meanings, as for the English lexemes brother, thin, thick, and so on.
• Adding a column to the table showing such finer specifications of meanings.
• Adding a column to the table showing the Spanish equivalents through which the data will principally be collected.
• Adding a further separate list of derivational and grammatical morphemes to be collected (as attached to sample roots)
• Specifying the subset of about 150 lexemes each for which we will collect phonetic transcriptions
• Adding more columns to the table to show compatibility with other meaning lists and databases by other researchers.
• Specifying which terms are collected only for Amazonian languages, such as anteater(as inapplicable to the Andes) and vice versa.
The final four columns in the table below show whether a meaning is included in the following lists drawn up by other researchers: Swadesh’s 100 and 200 meaning lists, Starostin’s most stable 35 meaning‑list, and his ‘best fit to the time‑decay equation’ list of 55 meanings. We aim to include ALL of the meanings on all of their lists (with content necessary adjustments for the Andean linguistic and cultural context).
Meaning Part of Is this meaning included in this list?
(English lexeme) Speech Sw 1oo Sw 2oo St 35 St
55
above, on gcl word - - - -
after gcl word - - - -
agouti noun - - - -
all adjective Y Y - -
and gcl word - Y - -
animal noun - Y - -
anteater noun - - - -
arm noun - - - -
armadillo noun - - - -
arrow noun - - - -
ashes noun Y Y - -
at gcl word - Y - -
autumn noun - - - -
back noun - Y - -
bad adjective - Y - -
banana noun - - - -
bark noun Y Y - Y
bear noun - - - -
beard noun - - - -
beast noun - - - -
because gcl word - Y - -
beech noun - - - -
before gcl word - - - -
believe verb - - - -
belly (stomach) noun Y Y - Y
berry noun - - - -
between gcl word - - - -
big adjective Y Y - Y
bird noun Y Y - -
bite verb Y Y - -
black adjective Y Y - Y
blood noun Y Y Y Y
blow verb - Y - -
body noun - - - -
bone noun Y Y Y Y
bow noun - - - -
branch noun - - - -
brave adjective - - - -
bread noun - - - -
breast noun Y - - -
breathe verb - Y - -
bright adjective - - - -
broad adjective - - - -
brother noun - - - -
burn verb Y Y - Y
canoe noun - - - -
car noun - - - -
carry verb - - - -
castle noun - - - -
cat noun - - - -
cheek noun - - - -
chicha noun - - - -
child noun - Y - -
claw noun Y - - -
clean adjective - - - -
clothing noun - - - -
cloud noun Y Y - -
cob of corn noun - - - -
cold adjective Y Y - -
come verb Y Y - -
cook verb - - - -
corn (maize) noun - - - -
cough noun - - - -
count verb - Y - -
cow noun - - - -
cow noun - - - -
cry verb - - - -
cut verb - Y - -
dance verb - - - -
dark adjective - - - -
daughter noun - - - -
day noun - Y - -
deer noun - - - -
defecate verb - - - -
die verb Y Y Y Y
dig verb - Y - -
dirty adjective - Y - -
do, make verb - - - -
dog noun Y Y Y Y
donkey noun - - - -
door noun - - - -
down gcl word - - - -
drink verb Y Y - -
dry adjective Y Y - Y
duck noun - - - -
dull / blunt adjective - Y - -
dust noun - Y - -
ear noun Y Y Y Y
earth (ground) noun Y Y - -
eat verb Y Y - Y
egg noun Y Y Y Y
eight numeral - - - -
elbow noun - - - -
empty adjective - - - -
enter verb - - - -
evening noun - - - -
eye noun Y Y Y Y
face noun - - - -
fall verb - Y - -
far adjective - Y - -
fast adjective - - - -
fat (grease) noun Y Y - -
father noun - Y - -
fear verb - Y - -
feather noun Y Y - -
few gcl word - Y - -
field noun - - - -
fight verb - Y - -
finger noun - - - -
fire noun Y Y Y Y
first adjective - - - -
fish noun Y Y Y -
five numeral - Y - -
float verb - Y - -
flow verb - Y - -
flower noun - Y - -
fly verb Y Y - -
fog noun - Y - -
food noun - - - -
foot noun Y Y - Y
forehead noun - - - -
four numeral - Y - -
freeze verb - Y - -
fruit noun - Y - -
full adjective Y - Y Y
girl noun - - - -
give verb Y Y Y -
go verb - - - -
goat noun - - - -
god noun - - - -
gold noun - - - -
good adjective Y Y - -
grass noun - Y - -
green adjective Y Y - -
grind verb - - - -
guest / host noun - - - -
guts noun - Y - -
hair noun Y Y - Y
hand noun Y Y Y -
happen verb - - - -
happy adjective - - - -
he/she morpheme - Y - -
head noun Y Y - Y
hear verb Y Y - -
heart noun Y Y - -
heavy adjective - Y - -
here gcl word - Y - -
hide verb - - - -
high up adjective - - - -
his/her/its gcl word - - - -
hit verb - Y - -
hold/take verb - Y - -
hope verb - - - -
horn noun Y - Y -
hot (not warm!) adjective Y Y - -
hour noun - - - -
house noun - - - -
how gcl word - Y - -
hundred numeral - - - -
hunt verb - Y - -
husband noun - Y - -
I gcl word Y Y Y Y
ice noun - Y - -
if gcl word - Y - -
in gcl word - Y - -
inside gcl word - - - -
is verb - - - -
kill verb Y Y - -
kind of gcl word - - - -
knee noun Y - - Y
know verb Y Y Y